Dog bites: essential steps to take

---

Extract from the article: Dog bites can happen at any time, whether you're a pet owner or simply come into contact with a dog. They vary in severity, but even minor bites require special attention to avoid complications such as infections or, in rare cases, rabies.

---

Dog bites can happen at any time, whether you're a pet owner or simply come into contact with a dog. They vary in severity, but even minor bites require special attention to avoid complications such as infections or, in rare cases, rabies.

Before taking action, it's important to assess the severity of the bite. A superficial bite means that the skin is slightly broken, with little or no bleeding. A deep bite, where the skin is perforated with visible bleeding or exposed tissue. And a serious bite where the wound is large, deep or accompanied by significant pain or loss of sensation.

First steps to take

Make sure you are safe to avoid another attack.If the dog seems aggressive, call for help without running or shouting, to avoid making the situation worse. Rinse the affected area thoroughly with warm water for 5 to 10 minutes to eliminate the bacteria.Use a mild soap to clean the wound.Avoid rubbing too hard, as this can damage the tissue.Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, to prevent infection.

If the wound is bleeding, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or sterile compress until the bleeding stops. Once the bleeding is under control, it is important to cover the wound with a sterile dressing. Change the dressing daily or more often if necessary.

Consult a doctor

Even if the bite seems minor, it is strongly recommended that you consult a health professional or go to a health centre, especially if the bite is deep or close to the joints or face, if you are not up to date with your vaccinations, particularly against tetanus, or if you do not know the dog's vaccination status (against rabies), or if the wound shows signs of infection such as redness, heat, swelling or pus discharge.

If the dog has not been vaccinated or if it is unknown (stray), an assessment for rabies treatment is necessary.If rabies is suspected, go to a health centre immediately.

Reporting the bite

If the dog is domestic, contact the owner to check the animal's vaccinations.Ask for the vaccination record.If the dog is a stray, it is advisable to report the incident to the local authorities or the relevant veterinary services.They will be able to monitor or capture the animal for possible follow-up.

Preventing complications

In the days following the bite, observe the wound for any signs of redness, heat or increased pain.

The doctor may prescribe antibiotics if there is a high risk of infection.The prescription must be strictly adhered to. It is also advisable to make sure you have been vaccinated against tetanus (booster every 10 years). If not, an injection will be required.

How can dog bites be prevented?

You should avoid provoking or startling a dog. For example, you should not disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping or looking after its puppies, and you should avoid sudden movements or shouting.Use calm body language.

If a dog appears aggressive, remain still, avoid direct eye contact and back away slowly. Children should be taught how to interact with dogs. They should be taught not to pull a dog's ears or tail, or to approach an unfamiliar animal.

Dog bites may seem harmless, but they should always be taken seriously. By quickly adopting the appropriate measures and consulting a professional, you can considerably reduce the risk of infection or serious complications.

Raymond DZAKPATA

Source: WHO – « Guide to animal bites »